Ch-7
Human Resources
Q1.Why are people considered as a resource?
Ans.Human beings are considered an
important and integral part of the ecosystem. They are endowed with
intelligence, thinking and creative skills, and are the biggest and most
valuable resource.
Q2.Define sex-ratio .
Ans.It is a ratio between the number of
females over males in a population. The sex-ratio is expressed as number of
females per thousand males.
Q3.Name the various physical factors which
affect the distribution of population .
Ans.1)Relief:-High mountains, rugged
terrain and rocky plateau restrict settlements. Transportation is very
difficult and the living conditions are not very favourable. The mountain
ranges of Andes, Himalayas, Plateau and Rockies of Tibet are sparsely populated.
On the other hand, plain areas of the world are most favourable places for
habitation. Transportation is easy, rivers are navigable. In fertile lowlands
of the Ganges and Bramhputra in India, Huang-Ho China, Nile, Mississippi,
Tigris and several other places, a large concentration of population is found.
2)Climate:-People prefer to live in regions
where temperature and rainfall is moderate. Excessive heat, cold, dryness or
wetness cause discomfort. Hot and humid areas of equatorial region, cold desert
of Siberia, hot desert of Sahara are the areas which are sparsely populated. On
the other hand, favourable climatic conditions in the monsoon regions of India
and Bangladesh attract large concentration of population.
3)Soil and Water:-Land, where the soil is
fertile and there is adequate water supply, has high concentration of
population. Water resources are very limited in deserts, so the population is
sparse.
4)Vegetation:-Equatorial forests are dense,
and in accessible, as compared to monsoon and coniferous forests, which are
accessible.
Q4.Specify various components including in
the composition of population.
Ans.The various components included in the
composition of population are:-
1.Age structure
2.Sex-ratio
3.Litracy rate
Q5.What is the meaning of population?
Ans.The net change in population between
two fixed periods of time in percentage is called the growth rate of
population. The growth rate may be negative, if the population declines, and
positive, if it increases during a given time period.
Q6.Why the population has grown?
Ans.The growth of population is affected by
the birth rate, death rate and by the large scale migration. It increases when
birth rate is more than the death rate or when the in-migration is greater than out-migration.
Q7.1)it is concentrated in those areas
which are rich in natural resources like fertile river valley basins and in
industrially developed regions.
2)The population is sparse in regions where
climatic conditions are not favourable for habitation, e.g. polar regions, hot
deserts and thickly forested areas.
Q8.What is age structure? How does it
reflect the working and non-working population?
Ans.Age Strcture:-Age structure of
population is an important component of demographic structure. It refers to the
number of people belonging to different age groups. Generally, the population
is catagorised into three broad age groups, i.e.
·
People below 14 years
comprising of young population.
·
People between 15 years to 59
years make up adult population.
·
People above 59 years and over
as old population.
A large number of children below 15 years
and those above 59 years come under dependent population. On the other hand,
the number of people in the age group of
15-59 years is defined as the productive population as they are biologically
most reproductive and economically.
Q9.Explain any three economic factors
affecting distribution of population.
1.
Minerals:-Various mineral
deposits like coal iron are has attracted huge population because these are the
key minerals required for iron steel industry. Hot and dry areas of Australian
deserts, Saudi Arabia and Sotuh Africa have attracted large group of migrants
because of the availability of petroleum. Similarly, the hilly areas of
Jharkhand have rich mineral resources attracting large industrial settlements.
2.
Industries:-An industrial
labourer ears a higher wage then an agricultural labour. Industrial hubs
attract people from far off places. The eastern part of the U.S.A, peninsular
plateau in India and western Europe are some of the common examples which have
a larder concentration of population mainly because they are highly
industrialized.
3.
Developed Means of Transport:-People
have settled down in distant places due to the development of efficient system
of transport network. The economic climate of a region coupled with good
network transport increases the mobility of the people and attracts large human
settlements.
4.
Government Policies:-Political
unrest in a region or discriminatory policies of a government against a group
of people lead to migration. For e.g., the Persian Gulf War, Ethnic conflicts
in Ethiopia and Sri Lanka, the brake up of Soviet Union resulted into movement
of people.
Q10.What is the percentage of population
living I different continents.
Ans.60% of the world’s population is living
in Asia,15% in Africa,13.5% America,11% in Europe and 0.5% in Oceania.
Q11.Sex-ratio in the India is declining.
Give your reasons to support the statement.
Ans.Sex-ratio in India is declining due to
several reasons. OF these moat common are:
·
Preference for male child due
to social, economic and religious reasons.
·
Infant mortality is higher
among the girls than the boys because lack of proper medical facilities.
·
General neglect of female child
during childhood is largely responsible for high female mortality rate.
·
Pre-natal sex determination
have led to large scale practice of female foeticide.
Among the Indian states, the state of
Kerala has highest sex-ratio of 1084 and Haryana has the lowest sex-ratio of
877 in the year 2011.
Q12.What is a literate person? Why is the
literacy rate very important?
Ans.Literacy rate is the percentage of
people who can read and write in a certain country in a certain language.
1.
Literacy rate is very important
because it is essential for the development of the country.
2.
A literate person can
understand the development of country.
3.
Literacy followed by skilful
persons helps in the development of other resources of a country.
4.
The value of a country’s
measured by its literacy rate. Therefore, literacy rate is very high.
Q13.Why should we give more importance to
develop the well-being of human resource?
Ans. Population is an asset for the country
rather than a liability. It is an important indicator of the socio-economic
strength of a country. Population becomes human capital when there is
investment made in education, health and skill development. Thus, investment in
human capital fields highest return, therefore, in the entire process of
development, focus should be on the well-being of human being.
Q14.Name the regions that have low density
of population. Why is it so?
Ans.The density of population is less than
100 persons per sq. km not only due to physical constraints and unfavourable
climate but also due to slow economic development, poor infrastructure and
several other factors. This includes North-Eastern and North -Western part of
India and Western Rajasthan. The mountain Ranges of Andes, Himalayas, Plateau
and Rockies of Tibet. For e.g., Hot Desert of Sahara.
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