Chapter-22
Safeguarding The Marginalized
Q1. Mention any
2 Fundamental Rights which contain special provisions for the minorities.
Ans1. Fundamental Rights
which contain special provisions for the minorities are;-
a) Right to Equality –
Our Constitution lays down that there will be social equality & no person
shall be discriminated on the basis of caste, creed, sex, religion
&language.
b) Right Against Exploitation – The constitution provides for abolition of trafficking
in human beings, Begar or forced labour, and ban on the employment of children
before the age of 14 years in dangerous jobs like mines & factories.
Q2. In what
ways does the right to equality ensure the welfare of the schedule castes
&
tribes?
Ans2. a) Protective
Discrimination – It means that the state can make special provisions to
protect the interest of the socially & economically backwards classes. The
government can implement special schemes and measures so that they can get
opportunity to occupy better socio-economic positions.
b) Untouchability–
It is an inhuman product of the caste system . It is a form of social isolation
of certain castes/communities.
The right to equality
ensure the welfare of the schedule castes and tribes by providing protective
discrimination and banning untouchability.
Q3. What is
meant by ‘Begar’?
Ans3. ‘Begar’ is forced
labour which means forcing anyone to do work without paying to them.
Q4. What is
‘Reservation Policy’?
Ans4. Reservation policy is
a policy under which seats are reserved for SC/ST/OBCs in the legislature.
Government, service, schools, colleges, etc. They are also given relaxation in
upper age limit for applying to certain Jobs. These special privilages aim to
bring them at par with the so called upper classes or ‘forward classes’ of the
society and to give them trial rightful place in the society.
Q5. What efforts
has the government of India made to safeguard the dignity of all sectios of the
society?
Ans5. a) The government of
India has made all efforts to safeguard the dignity of all sections of the
society. For eg. The Employment of Scavangers& Construction of Dry latrines
(prohibition) Act in 1993 so as an important step in this direction.
b)The SC and ST (Prevention of
Atrocities act, 1989) prevents the offences of atrocities against the members
of ST and SC.
c) Article 334 of Indian Constitution
lays down the provision of reservations as a way to realize social equality by
reserving seats in the Indian Parliament
for the SC and ST.
d)The fundamental Duties (Article 51 A)
of the Indian Constitution safeguard the interests of minorities.
Q6. How the
Fundamental Rights work as safeguards against exploitation & discrimination
in society?
Ans6. a) Right to
Equality – Our Constitution lays down that there will be social equality
& no person shall be discriminated on the basis of caste, colour, creed,
sex, religion or language. The statecan make special provisions like Protective
Discrimination. It also ensures equality of opportunity in matters of public
employment and entrusts the state to make provisions for the reservation of
appointments or posts for backward classes. The practice of untouchablity has
been abolished under the Right to Equality.
b) Right Against
Exploitation – The constitution provides for abolition of trafficking in
human beings, Begar or ‘Forced Labour’ and ban on the employment of children
below the age of 14 years in dangerous jobs like mines & factories.
The Fundamental Rights gurantee
that Sc/ST/OBCs can live with dignity and be treated as equals. Many dalits
have filed appealsunder the Fundamental Rights and drawn the attention of the
government to provide social, political and economic justices to them, as
provided under the constitution.
Q7. Explain the
provisions and the objectives of the reservation policy.
Ans7. a) These special
privileges aim to bring at per with the so called ‘forward castes’ and to give
them their rightful place in the society.
b) The idea behind the reservation in the educational
institutions is to increase the diversity of representation and to bring about
social equality in India.
c) Article334of the Indian Constitution lays down the
provision of representation as a way to realize social equality by reserving
seats in the Indian Parliament for the SCs and STs.
Q8 ‘Manual
Scavenging is an open violation, of the Fundamental Right against
Exploitation.’ Do you agree with this statement justify answer.
Ans8. Manual scavenging is
an open violation of the Fundamental Right against Exploitation. Yes, I agree
with the statement as this low paid job is mainly done by Dalit women who are
expressed to sub-human conditions to work and face serious health hazards like
infection of eyes, skin, respiratory & gastrointestinal system, etc.
Q9 What is meant
by Political Safeguard. Who are the beneficiaries of this policy of the
Parliament and other legislative bodies.
Ans9.a) Political Safeguard
means that seats in the Parliament, legislative assemblies of states,Panchayat
and Municipalities are reserved for the SCs and STs in proportion to their
population.
b) Provision has been
made In our Constitution to provide representation to the Anglo-Indian minority
community.
c) The government can
put forward nomination of the Anglo-Indian representative to the State
Assemblies.
d) In LokSabha, only
2 representatives of the Anglo-Indian community may be nominated by the
president if not adequately represented.
Q10. Mention any
3 advantages of the mid-day meal scheme.
Ans10.a) The mid-day meal
scheme has helped in warding off hunger as well as keeping the children in
schools.
b) It has contributed to the
advancement of elementary education, child nutrition & social equity.
c) The mid-day meal programme has
abolished classroom hunger as well as fostered egalitarian values.
d) There are encouraging reports of
improving social cohesion and hopes that the stray cases of discrimination
should disappear soon.
Q11. What special
measures have been taken up by the Govt. of India for the upliftment of
backward classes?
Ans11. The special measures
have been taken up by the Govt. of India for the upliftment of backward classes
are:-
a) Mid-day meal in Madhya Pradesh – The Mid-day meal scheme has helped in warding off
hunger as well as keeping the children in schools.
b) Rural development in Madhya Pradesh – In the last 4years, the government has led to the
upliftment of the rural areas in Madhya
Pradesh. The construction of over 16,000km roads has connected about 6,000
villages, ushering in employment, education, health & other facilities and
improving socio-economic scenario of villages.
c) The state has emerged as a leader in the implementation
of many other projects & schemes including sampoornaGraminRozgarYojna,SwarnaJayanti
Gram SwarozgalYojna, IndiraAwasYojna and Backward Grants Fund, etc. The
government has also undertaken projects for water conservation, plantation,
land development, flood control, etc.
Q12. Explain
the main provisions of Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989 for Scheduled Castes
& Tribes?
Ans12. Following offences
have been set up to try the offenders and punish them if proved guilty:-
a) Forcing a member of SC/ST to drink or eat anything
inedible or obnoxious substance.
b) Insulting or annoying any member SC/ST.
c) Wrongfully dispossessing a member of a SC/ST from his
land.
d) Compelling to do ‘Begar’ or bonded labour.
e) Forcing anyone not to vote or to vote for a particular
candidate.
f) Committing the mischief by fire.
g) Causing destruction of a building which is ordinary use
as a place of worship or human dwelling.
Q13. How can we
ensure that marginalized and worker sections of society are equally benefitted
from the economic growth of the country?
Ans13. a) There is a
definite possibility that the India can become a prosperous nation if we get
rid of poverty ignorance and disease.
b) Our growth processes should be
more inclusive to ensure that marginalized and weaker sections benefit from
growth and to ensure that social infrastructure, particularly in health and
education, is also improved.
c) We ensured that the interests
of SCs, STs, OBCs, Minorities, women & children are protected and justice
is provided to them.
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