CLASS-X Chapter-7 Life Lines of National Economy
Q. 1.How transport, communication and
trade are complimentary to each other?
(i)
With the development in science and
technology the area of influence
trade and transport expanded far and wide.
(ii)
Today the world has been converted
into a Global World with the help of
efficient and fast moving transportation.
(iii) Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally
developed communication systems.
(iv) Development of transport and communication led to the development of
I
international trade.
Q. 2. Why modern means of transport
and communication are called lifelines of national economy?
(i)
Provide Connectivity: Means of
transportation connects one part of the country with another. It helps in the
development of trade and transport of passenger.
(ii)
Development of Economy: The means of
transportation and communication help the country to develop its economy. The
industries get raw material and transport finished products to the markets with
the help of means of transportation. Trade develops with the help of
communication also.
(iii) Contributes to Socio-economic Progress: Today India is well linked with
the world despite its vast size, diversity and socio-cultural plurality.
(iv) Facilities for the Comforts of Life: The traders have added to the
development of the economy. It has enriched our life and added substantially to
growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.
Q. 3. What are border
roads? What are the benefits of Border Roads?
Ans. The roads which
are in the border areas of the country are known as border roads.
(i) Border Road Organization constructs and maintains these roads, which was
established in 1960.
(ii) It was established for the development of the roads of strategic
importance in the north and north-eastern border areas.
(iii) These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
Q. 4. What are the problems faced by
Road Transportation?
(i)
Keeping in view the volume of traffic
and passengers, the road network is inadequate.
(ii)
About half of the roads are unmettaled and
this limits their usage during the rainy season.
(iii) The National Highways are inadequate too.
(iv) The roadways are highly congested in cities and most of the bridges and
culverts are old and narrow.
Q. 5. What are the
problems Railways transport facing?
Ans. Railways face
following problems:
(i)
Many passengers travel without
ticket.
(ii)
Thefts and damaging of railway
property has not yet stropped completely.
(iii) People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes
heavy damage to the railways.
Q. 6. What are the
three important networks of pipeline transportation?
(i)
From oil field in upper Assam to
Kanpur via Guwahati, Baranui and Allahabad.
(ii)
From Salaya in Gujarat to Jallandhar
in Punjap, via, Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonepat.
(iii) Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in U. P. via Bijaipur
in M.P.
Q. 7. What are the
advantages of waterways?
(i)
Waterways are the cheapest means of
transport.
(ii)
They are most suitable for carrying
heavy and bulky goods.
(iii) It is fuel efficient and also environment friendly mode of transport.
Q. 8. What are the
benefits of airways?
(i)
Air travel is the fastest, most
comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.
(ii)
It can cover very difficult terrains
like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and also long oceanic
stretches with great ease.
(iii) North-Eastern parts of the country have big rivers, dissected relief,
dense forests and frequent floods and international borders. Air travel has
made access easier in this part of the country.
Q. 9. What types of
mail do we have in personal written communication?
(i)
First-Class Mail: Cards and envelops
are considered first class mail. They are airlifted between stations covering
both land and air.
The Second Class Mail: It includes book
packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are
carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport.
(ii)To facilitate quick delivery of
mails in large towns and cities six mail channels have been introduced. They
are: Rajdhani channel, Metro channel, Green channel, Business channel, Bulk
mail channel and Periodic channel.
Q. 10. How print media contributes in Mass
Communication?
(i)
Print publishes a large number of
newspapers and periodicals annually.
(ii)
They are of different types of
depending upon their periodicity.
(iii) Newspapers are published in about 100 languages and dialects.
(iv) The highest numbers of newspaper published in the country are Hindi,
followed by English and Urdu.
Q. 11. How India
accounts for largest telecom network in India?
(i)
More than two-thirds of the villages
in India a have already been converted with subscriber’s trunk dialing (STD)
telephone facility.
(ii)
in order to strengthen the flow of
information from the government to the higher level, the government has made
special provisions to extent twenty two hours STD facility in every village in
the country.
(iii) There is a uniform rate STD facility all over India.
It has been made possible
by developing communication technology with the development in space
technology.
Q. 12. How Roadways
score over Railways in India?
Ans. Roadways score
over Railways due to following reasons:
(i)
Construction cost of road is much
lower than that of railway lines.
(ii)
Roads can traverse comparatively more
dissected and undulation topography.
(iii) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse
mountains such as Himalayas.
(iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively
small amounts of goods over short distances.
(v)
It also provides door to door
service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
(vi) Road transportation is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport
such as they provide link between railway stations, air and sea ports.
Q. 13. Classify the
roads on the basis of their capacity and also find out the significant role
played by these roads.
Ans. Classification of
Indian Roads:
(i)
Golden Quadrilateral and Super
Highways:
a)
The government has launched a major
road development project linking Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata and back to Delhi
by six lanes super highways.
b)
The north-south Corridor linking
Srinagar and Kanyakumari.
c)
The East0 West corridor connecting
Slicher(Assam) and Porbandar(Gujarat).
d)
The major objective of these
superhighways is to reduce time and distance between mega cities of India.
(ii)
National Highways:
a)
National Highways link extreme parts
of the country
b)
They are laid and maintained by CPWD.
c)
A number of major national highways run
in North-South and East-West directions.
(iii) State-Highways:
a)
Roads linking a state capital with different
district headquarters are known as state Highways.
b)
These roads are constructed and
maintained by State Public Works Department (PWD).
(iv) District Roads:
a)
These roads connect the district
headquarters with other places of sitrict.
b)
These roads are maintained by Zila
Parishad.
(v)
Rural Roads:
a)
Roads linking rural areas and
villages with towns are called rural roads.
b)
These roads were built under the
Pradham Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna.
c)
Under this scheme roads are built so
that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by
metalled roads.
(vi) Border Roads:
a)
Border Road Organization constructs
and maintains these roads.
b)
This organization was established in 1960
for the development of roads at north and north-eastern border areas.
c)
These roads are improved
accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.
d)
Military operations are also made
comfortable with these roads.
Q. 14. Describe how Railway network
is largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrator factors.
(i)
The Northern Plains:
a)
This region has vast level land, high
population density and rich agricultural resources provided with most
favourable conditions for their growth.
b)
However, a large number of river
requiring construction of bridges, posed some obstacles.
(ii)
The Hilly - Terrains of Peninsular
Regions:
a)
Here Railway tracks are laid through
low hills, gaps or tunnels.
(iii) The Himalayan Mountainous Region:
a)
This region is also unfavourable for
the construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse population and
lack of economic opportunities.
(iv) The Sandy Plains:
a)
It was difficult to lay railway lines
on the sandy plains of Rajasthan, Swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of M. P., Chhattisgarh,
Orissa and Jharkhand.
(v)
The Sahyadri Stretch:
a)
This stretch could also be crossed
only through gaps or passes.
b)
Recently the development of Konkan
Railway along the west coast has facilitated the movement of passengers and
goods in this most economic region of India.
c)
It has also faced a number of
problems such as sinking of tracks in some stretches and land slides.
Q. 15. What is the importance of
Indian Railways?.
(i)
Railways are the principal mode of
transportation for freight and passengers in India.
(ii)
Railways also make it possible to
conduct a number of activities like business, sightseeing , pilgrimage along
with transportation of goods over long distances.
(iii) Apart from means of transport, the Indian Railways have been a great
integrating force for more than 150 years.
(iv) Railways in India bind the economic life of the country by developing
industry and agriculture through their transportation. The Indian Railway is
largest Public Sector Undertaking.
Q. 16. What are the advantages of
Pipeline?
Ans. Pipeline transport network is a
new arrival on the transportation map of India. Its benefits are:
(i)
In the past, these were used to
transport water to cities and industries.
(ii)
Now they are also used for
transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural
gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal plants.
(iii) Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into
slurry.
(iv) The far inland locations of refineries like Barauni, Panipat and gas
based fertilizer plants could be thought of only because of pipelines.
(v)
Initial cost of laying pipelines is
high but running cost are minimal.
(vi) Pipelines rules out any trans-shipment losses or delays.
Q. 17. Write in brief about 12 major
ports of India?
(i)
Kandla: it’s a tidal port located in
Kutchch region in Gujarat. It caters to the export and import of the north
Indian states of J & K , Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and
Gujarat.
(ii)
Mumbai ( Maharashtra ): It is the
biggest port with spacious natural and well - sheltered harbour.
(iii) Jawahar Lal Nehru Port ( Maharashtra ): It was planned with a view to
decongest the Mumbai port.
(iv) Marmagao port( Goa ): It is the
premier Iron-ore exporting port. It exports 50% of the iron-ore.
(v)
New Manglore ( Karnataka ): It also
caters to the export of iron-ore concentrates from Kudermukh mines.
(vi) Kochi ( Kerela ): It is located at the entrance of a lagoon with a
natural harbour.
(vii)
Tuticorn(Tamil Nadu): it has a
natural harbor and rich hinterlands. It tackles trade with Sri Lanka and
Maldives.
(viii)
Chennai (Tamil Nadu): It is one of
the oldest artificial ports of the country. It is ranked next to Mumbai in terms of volume and Cargo.
(ix) Vishakhapatnam: It is the deepest artificial landlocked and well
protected port. It caters to iron-ore exports.
(x)
Paradip Port (Orissa): It specializes
in the export of iron-ore.
(xi) Kolkata (west Bengal): It is an inland riverine port. Being a tidal port
it requires constant dredging of Hugli.
(xii)
Haladia Port (west Bengal): it was
built as a subsidiary port, in order to relieve growing pressure on the Kolkata
port.
Q. 18. Describe how tourism is
developed in India as a trade.
Ans. Tourism in India has grown
substantially over the last three decades.
(i)
Foreign tourist arrival in country
has seen increase, contributing Rs. 21,828 crore of foreign exchange.
(ii)
More than 15 million people are
directly engaged in tourism industry.
(iii) Tourism also promotes national integration and provides support to local
handicrafts.
(iv) It also helps in the development of international understanding about our
culture and heritage.
(v)
Foreign tourists visit India for
heritage tourism, ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, medical
tourism and business tourism.
(vi) Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple towns of South India are
important destinations of foreign tourists in India.
Q. 19. Describe the inland navigation
waterways in India. What are its advantages?
Ans. (a) (i) India has inland
navigation waterways of 14,500 km in length. Out of these only 3,700 km are
navigable by mechanized boats.
(ii) National Waterways: the
following waterways have been declared as the National Waterways by the
government:
(1)
The Gnga river between allahbad and
Haldia (1,620 km ) – N. W. No. 1.
(2)
The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya
and Dhubri (891 km ) – N. W. No. 2.
(3)
The West-Coast Canal in Kerela
(Kottapurna-Komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals – 205 km) - N. W. No.
3.
(iv) The other inland waterways include the Godavari, Krishna, Barak,
Sunderbans, Buckingham canal, Brahmani.
East West canal and Damodar Valley Corporation Canal.
(b) The advantages of
Waterways are as given below:
(i)
Waterways are the cheapest means of
transport.
(ii)
They are most suitable for carrying
heavy and bulky goods.
(iii) It is a fuel-efficient transport.
(iv) It is environment friendly mode of transport.
Q. 20. What is the position of India
in the production of films? What type of films are produced and which authority
certifies them?
(i)
India is the largest producer of
feature films in the world.
(ii)
Various types of films are produced –
such as short films, video feature films and video short films.
(iii) The Central Board of Film Certification certifies both Indian and foreign
films.
Q.21. Why international trade is
considered the economic barometer for a country?
(i)
The progress in international trade
leads to economic prosperity. If the value of export exceeds the value of
import, the country is considered to have made advancement n international
trade. It is called favourable balance of trade.
(ii)
Developed countries come in this
category. On the other hand. If the value of import exceeds the value of
exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of trade.
(iii) Thus, an advancement of international trade is an index to its economic
prosperity and considered the economic barometer for a country.
Q. 22. Describe the classification of
roads on the basis of type of material used for construction.
Ans. Roads may be classified into two
as give below:
(i)
Metalled roads: these are made of
cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal. These are all weather roads.
(ii)
Unmetalled roads: these are roads
where no bitumen, concrete or cement is used. These roads go out of use in the
rainy season because they become muddy.
Q. 23. What is road density? Describe
the density of road in India.
a)
Road density: The length of road per
100 sq km of area is known as road density.
b)
Road density in India: Distribution
of road density in India is not uniform due to different types of geographical
features. The density of all roads varies from only 10 km in Jammu and Kashmir
to 375 km in Kerala. The national average is 75 km (1996-67).
